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jueves, 4 de mayo de 2017

INTRODUCTION

Welcome to our Online Blog, 

We are five students of English Studies from the University of Lleida. This blog is from a subject called Analysing English Texts and it is a research of different types of texts about racism. 

The teacher told us to choose a topic that caught our attention and we decided to investigate and inform us about one of the most important themes of our current life. We have chosen the racism because it is a topic that we are very interested on and it is a problem that people think it is abolished but it is really not. 

The racism is the discrimination against people from different cultures. It has achieved the highest limit in the sense that people hit or even kill each other for a cause which is not really important to live in our society.


The aim of this analysis is to find out how people who have suffered from racism express their identities through the text. In order to do so, we will look through this text which was written by a victim of it, and we will study the emotions and feelings in relation to racism. 

The type of analysis that we think is more appropriate for these texts is Membership Categorization Analysis because it focuses on the type of member that a person identifies himself or herself in the society. Moreover, it is accurate to analyse how that person is dealing with other people using the language as the main element to express their identity regarding racism situations.

We hope you enjoy visiting our Blog,



Rosana Mir, Rosa Gené, Khrystyna Stryzhak, Andrea Quirós and Júlia Espinós.

TEXT 1 "AN ADOPTED MEXICAN GIRL"

I’m Mexican but was adopted by an all-white family in a white community. I don’t speak any Spanish and nobody would know I was Mexican unless they looked carefully. When I married I never talked about my heritage with my in-laws, so they may have assumed I was just a very tan white person.
One day driving home with my sister-in-laws, we saw a black woman being pulled over. Immediately the race jokes began. My husband looked his sister in the eye and asked, “Are you a racist? Why would you say that?” She responded that she was and hated all people of color. It was her right to be racist.
I remember my husband yelling at her. I remember feeling my body shake as I realized the family I married into hated me. I remember saying that if she ever spoke like that in the future I wouldn’t give her the opportunity again. But most of all I remember feeling sick. My whole life people assumed I was white but I wasn’t. I’d been living a lie. And now my in-laws knew I wasn’t white. I knew they wouldn’t like me now. It’s troubling, to say the least. Now at family gatherings I can’t help but feel insecure. I know nobody will forget that day in the car—the day they realized I wasn’t one of them.
But today ... I’m proud. I’m proud to be Mexican. Sometimes I’m thankful for that night. I’m thankful because it allowed me to come out and be proud of who I am regardless of what some might think.

I’m excited to see how your series evolves about your readers’ experiences with racism. Sadly it’s so common but few people talk about their personal experiences. Often it’s because they’re embarrassed.

THE ANALYSIS

The first analysed text in this report is a public post (reproduced with permission), which was found in an American website called The Atlantic. It was posted on July 13th, 2015 by the editors from the Atlantic Monthly Group. It is a group that covers news and analysis on political business, culture, technology, national, international and life of the official site of this magazine. It is publicity accessible for everyone interested in racism.

Talking about her identity, the woman expresses herself as an inferior race and even different from the others. It can be seen in words such as “My whole life people assumed I was white but I wasn’t. I’d been living a lie.” the girl is showing that meanwhile nobody knew her real identity, she was accepted by them. But, when they realised that she was Mexican, she felt ashamed of living with white people because they started to treat her differently only because of the fact that she was from another culture.

However, she uses the word “proud” to talk about her nationality. This adjective is a “category bound predicate” which refers to qualities and values of the woman. In the end, it can be seen a clear change of her identity because she becomes a more determined person. She can freely talk about who she is without being worried about what others might think. This idea is reflected in words like “allowed” or “come out” which can be categorized as a “categories bound activities” that let the reader know about the woman’s feeling after the racist situation. 


Having used this type of analysis, it has been relevant to know better the woman’s identity through the language. At the beginning of the text, the woman considers herself accepted by people around her because nobody notices that she is Mexican. As long as she tells the story, her identity changes in the sense that she becomes more powerful and secure to talk about her origins. 

TEXT 2 "FROM A WHITE READER WITH A BLACK GIRLFRIEND"


Source: The Atlantic


She and I were on a date in downtown Syracuse about a month ago. We were going to listen to some amateur musicians at the Funk ‘n Waffles. It was a really fun time, and we decided afterwards to take a walk through downtown. After a brief stop at Starbucks, we kept walking around downtown. It was a Sunday. The streets were fairly deserted. We were holding hands, enjoying ourselves.
At some point, three black boys (probably high-schoolers) were walking behind us. We didn’t pay them any mind until we distinctly heard someone say, “Yo, she darker than he is.” My girlfriend and I kind of looked at each other, trying to affirm nonverbally that we’d heard exactly what we thought we’d heard. We kept walking.
Then one of them said, “What color your baby gonna come out?”
We didn’t respond, didn’t even look back; we just kept walking.
“Hey! I said, what color your baby gonna come out?!”
By then, it was perfectly clear they were no longer talking about us but AT us. Now, we’re not strangers to racial harassment. It’s usually some white guy walking down the street in the opposite direction making a quick remark and then vanishing before we can respond. Or it’s some stationary drunk guy with a beer in his hand, leaning against a structure of some sort. Often, we’d just respond with a middle finger and that was that.
This incident, however, was our first experience where our harassers were actually following us.
We whispered to each other about what to do. Keep walking? Turn around and confront them? What if that lead to a fight? What if one of them was carrying a weapon of some kind? We’re not very confrontational people and we hadn’t prepared for this. We both sort of committed to stepping up our pace a little bit but pretend we couldn’t hear them.
The same sentence "What color your baby gonna come out?!" was shouted again and again while these boys followed behind us about thirty feet away for three blocks. At one point, I heard the phrase “black bitch” directed at my girlfriend, to which I definitely felt her tense up on my arm. She clearly wanted to turn around and punch them. Once again, we didn’t know what to do: keep walking or confront them?
When we came to an intersection, we saw a group of people gathered around a building entrance down the street on the right, so we turned and walked in their direction. The trio of youths apparently decided not to keep following us now that there was more than just the two of us, and they kept walking off to another street.
My girlfriend was shaking—from fear, from anger, from anger at herself for not confronting them, even anger at me for not standing up for her. I was also shaking. We had a long conversation about it, and I was angry at myself for not saying something to those boys, particularly when they called her a “black bitch.”
That struck me as so odd. The boys never said anything about me, really. I can count on one hand the number of times in my life I’ve ever been called a “cracker,” which I honestly cannot find offensive. It sounds so silly, like I’m being compared to a dried baked good made by Ritz or Saltine. Most other anti-white “slurs” never offended me either. Honky? Sounds like the noise a car horn makes. Peckerwood? I think it goes without saying why I find that hilarious rather than offensive.
Now, I’m not exactly naive to issues of institutional racism. Recklessness by police in Syracuse has resulted in the deaths of people like Chuniece Patterson and Raul Pinet, Jr., as well as the maiming of an African immigrant named Maparo Ramadhan. About two years ago I witnessed a black student get arrested and thrown to the ground at the downtown bus hub, just for refusing to get off the bus because he was trying to get home on the last day of school and his pass (which worked that morning) was not working that afternoon, for some reason. A black woman even offered two dollars from her own pocket to pay the boy’s fare, to which the officer yelled at her, “Shut the fuck up! Sit down!” Had I a camera at the time, I would’ve recorded the incident.
I suppose the final thing that worried my girlfriend and me most was the implications of those three youths, regarding our having children. If we did have children, how would they be treated by other black folks? How would they be treated by police? How would they be treated by white folks? That’s what has me scared the most. As a white person raised in a 99 percent white environment, I never had to deal with issues of race for at least the first 20 years of my life.
I’ve never had this “Talk” my black acquaintances refer to, so the thought of us having a child together and my restricted ability to help that child scares the crap out of me. It also concerns my girlfriend that, despite her being a black woman, she might not know how to contend with raising a biracial child in this society.
We’ve discussed how to deal with another potential “following harassment” incident. We’ve discussed all the pros and cons of simply walking on or confronting any future harassers. Still, the fear that we're not prepared is there.

THE ANALYSIS

This second text is a public post (reproduced with permission), which was found in an American website called The Atlantic. It was posted, as the first text, on July 13th, 2015 by editors from the Atlantic Monthly Group. It is a group that covers news and analysis on political business, culture, technology, national, international and life of the official site of this magazine. It is publicity accessible for everyone interested in racism.

Focusing on the couple’s identity, the white man and the black woman are really happy when they are together without anyone annoying them. This idea is reflected through words like “enjoying” as a “category bound activity” which shows their feelings of excitement and peaceful environment.

Talking about the “category” of the mockers, the ones that are called “high-schoolers” among with “three youth black boys”, it is expected that they are disrespectful towards the couple because they do not mind how they could feel. At the time that they discriminate the couple, the three black boys repeat the same sentence along the story: “What color your baby gonna come out?”. Therefore, in the phrase it can be seen that the boys are emphasizing the word “color”, which is a category bound predicate because it is referring to the features of the biracial baby.

Since this question, the couple starts thinking about having a child in their future.The “category bound activity” that reflects this action is “wondering”, because it has made feel bad and think the possibility that their child can suffer racism due to their skin colour. The couple’s thought is that this different feature may also be a problem in the future in relation to other people.

To sum up, this type of analysis has been useful to see how the couple express their identity. Firstly, they do not pay attention to the racist comments but when the question about the baby is asked, they start thinking about their future. Therefore, they are categorized as insecure and frightened people after being a victim of racism.

TEXT 3 "IGNORANT PEOPLE"

Source: Quora



I've been waiting to answer this question for a while. 
I am male, white, healthy, educated and from the UK.  I grew up in a 99% white village in Wales, where, aside from a family of indians who lived in the village and who suffered racial attacks, I never met anyone who wasn't white until I was 18 and off to university.  At university, I made friends of all colours and nationalities.

British children's TV actually did a great job of educating me to racial issues and sensitivities and even before meeting a black person or a chinese person, I had no prejudices towards anyone (at least to the extent one can say this).  I actually found (and continue to find) racism very hard to understand and assumed it was the trait of ignorant people (which it is).  
Then, after leaving university, I moved to a small village in France to learn French for a month.  There were no other anglophones in the town... just the French people from that village.
It seems like everyone had formed an impression about me before I even finished my first sentence.  It was not a good impression.  I heard the same stereotypical jokes and digs.  But it wasn't always joking, many times it was said with contempt.  I would often be ignored at a dinner, or spoken over, and although this was over 10 years ago, I remember the feeling of unfairness and helplessness.  

Being British in France might be the nearest a white person can come to racism.  (Not trying to offend anyone who disagrees... just a figure of speech).  

Not that I want to over-dramatize.  I didn't receive physical violence or feel like my life was in danger.  In fact, the truth is, this experience has been extremely valuable for me personally.  From that point on I related to racism in a very different way - I related from experience.

It’s hard to say what racism feels like until you have felt it.  And I am optimistic because I really think that if comes down to education.  And yes, even children's TV shows can make a big difference.
[Just to add: I have many close French friends and the point of writing this was not in fact an attack on that little French town which was actually very beautiful...]

THE ANALYSIS
The last text analysed in this report is a public post (reproduced with permission), which was found in an American website called Quora. It was written on June 21st, 2015 by David Bailey, an Early-Stage Investor. This Website contains texts about analysis on political business, culture, technology, national and international issues and about life in general. It is publicity accessible for everyone interested in racism.
This text is accurate to see how racism affects people, particularly a white man who has grown up around white British people. He had never had contact with any coloured person until he went to University, but he was raised and educated in a way that he respected everyone despite their skin colour or race.
Along the story, the man uses a lot of adjectives in order for us to be aware of how he feels regarding his experience, and that is how he expresses his identity. He is a victim of racism in one point of his life that means he is the perfect example to be analysed.
The writer and teller organizes his words and choses different expressions to get the reader’s attention. To do so, some of his expressions are differently categorized in very particular categories. One of them belongs to “category bound activity” which gives the information that the man has been concerned for a while because he could not achieve what he wanted. It can be seen from the very beginning when he says “I’ve been waiting to answer this question for a while”.
Another category found in the text is related to people who do not care about the others when they are not so aware of what are they doing, for instance, when they do not respect people from another nationality. The narrator calls them “ignorant people” who have prejudices towards citizens from another culture as the main trait.
Another point that the narrator remarks is the fact that these “ignorant people” sometimes have racism behavior towards others “with contempt”. This action belongs to “category bound activity” which tells the reader that there is an intention to hurt behind the action. This way, the narrator feels more affected because there is a clear intention to hurt him.
However, the narrator points out a very optimistic way to deal with racism because he stands that with “education”, as a “category bound activity”, everybody would respect each other not giving importance to the skin colour or the culture. This point brings us to the idea of everyone having different values and knowledge in order to respect each other.
In conclusion, even if there are lots of confrontations due to racism, the man has a positive point of view on them. That is because he identifies himself as an “educated” person and it is reflected through the text because he seems understanding and respectful along he tells his experience.

REFERENCES

Day, D. (1998). Membership Categorization Analysis. Harvey Sacks: Social Science and Conversation Analysis, 74–97. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.5153/sro.2002


Editors, T. (2017). Stories of Racism. [online] The Atlantic. Available at: https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2015/07/your-stories-of-racism/398117/ 
       [Accessed 2 May 2017].





Quora. (2017). Have you ever been a witness to or encountered racism? [online] Available at: https://www.quora.com/Have-you-ever-been-a-witness-to-or-encountered-racism [Accessed 26 April 2017].